Reflective Report for Purchasing and Supply -myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theReflective Report for Purchasing and Supply. Answer: I picked up my mindfulness towards the favorable circumstances and disservices with respect to the re-appropriating business work. I additionally discovered that the redistributing is a business system that incorporates item and administrations through endeavor contract with providers. Also, it is investigated that the majority of the association has utilized re-appropriate business to decrease the work and transportation cost (Arlbjrn, et al., 2014). I likewise discovered that the business redistribute can decidedly impact the exhibition of business just as it additionally quit negative effect on the business in long haul. I picked up my insight about venture scope top to bottom. In moreover, it very well may be said that the business re-appropriates can be successful to handily upgrade the presentation of an association in since a long time ago run. The redistribute business capacity can be worthwhile for sparing the expense of association. Since, it empowered the association to de cay the work cost just as transportation cost of firm. It will support to upgrade the proficiency of business by expanding the profitability of firm in a proper way. Simultaneously, I likewise broke down that there are some critical elements that show the upsides of redistributing business named accessible for 24 hours, re-appropriating business process for expanding proficiency, and spotlight on the center business process. In restrict to this, it tends to be said that there are a few factors that impact redistributes business work named Involvement in the concealed expense and Loss of Managerial Control (Cavusgil, et al., 2014). Different variables are Pricing issues, Security hazard identified with presentation of touchy information, and Political and social impediment. I picked up my profundity understanding about these elements that can negative effect on the firm. In moreover, I likewise comprehended that execution of advancement in the business capacity can be huge to acquire positive result from the business in since quite a while ago run. Furthermore, it can likewise be said that I additionally picked up my insight in regards to the fund and bookkeeping, human asset the board, and legitimate system. What's more, it can likewise be said that the redistributed business capacity can empowered the association to arrange the movement of an association that will be steady to finish the predefined task in less time and cost (Dolgui, et al., 2013). I additionally discovered that when an association to make contract with outsider then they moving some intensity of the board to the gathering. Accordingly, it can make the issue identified with the administration of intensity in the business work in the up and coming period. Besides, the distinction among political and social elements can make likewise the issue for an association due to re-appropriating the business work. Further, I additionally comprehended that in the current time frame an association has experienced the spillage of classified information and in the re-appropriating business work it very well may be an essential issue for an association. In this way, it very well may be said that such sorts of issues can oppose the association to put resources into the re-appropriating. In restrict to this, I likewise picked up my insight with respect to the examination goals that were essential to play out the exploration action in a fitting way. Moreover, I additionally picked up my insight about the specific explanation of organizations re-appropriate capacities. I likewise expanded my insight about the extent of the undertaking. It very well may be dissected that a large portion of the scientist has finished the analyst on the business redistribute work however there is absence of focal points and disservices of the business re-appropriate the capacity (Hsu, et al., 2013). Along these lines, I discovered that the examination point was proper. I increased a few divisions that are significant in the redistributed business capacity, for example, human asset the executives, fund and bookkeeping office, and lawful strategy. I likewise found out about the advancement of speculation to achieve the examination issue in an efficient way. I likewise gain my insight about the production of exploration question that assumed a basic job in the achievement of examination issues. Simultaneously, it can likewise be said that the exploration configuration assumes a critical job in the assortment of information properly. The examination configuration supports to choose the suitable method for tackling the issues of exploration in a critical way (Schniederjans, et al., 2015). I likewise found out about subjective examination a plan that was fitting for research. Simultaneously, I comprehended that the subjective examination configuration can support to build up the hypothetical comprehension about the exploration issue. Simultaneously, I additionally discovered that a specialist can utilize this examination plan strategy in the event that the exploration is emotional in nature. I improved my comprehension about some critical factors, for example, ethnographic examinations, contextual investigations, authentic information assortment, and grounded hypothesis. Also, I comprehended that the examination configuration can support to settle on a proper choice to tackle the exploration issue. Likewise, I picked up my mindfulness about the examination system that supports to give the proper strategies to wipe out the exploration issues in a fitting way. I expansion to this, it can likewise be said that understanding regarding the exploration approaches can be additionally useful in the examination. I expanded my cognizance about the inductive methodology that is suitable for this examination. It tends to be assessed that the inductive methodology is steady to gather the hypothetical comprehension of the expl oration issue. The inductive methodology likewise utilizes at the hour of emotional exploration (Willcocks, et al., 2013). I likewise picked up my comprehension about the unwavering quality and legitimacy of examination approach due to getting the fitting result in the predetermined time. I expanded my insight about the examining technique and test size that were required to achieve the examination task effectively. I likewise discovered that the likelihood examining strategy is strong to adequately finish the examination goals. The likelihood testing strategy gives the equivalent opportunity to the respondents for responding in restrict to the poll (Vetrkov, et al., 2013). I likewise improved my insight about the information assortment strategy, for example, essential and optional information assortment technique. In the essential information assortment technique, some critical sources are utilized like perception, meeting, and substance examination. The essential information assortment strategy assists with offering the new or new information to the scientist while the optional information assortment technique offers data from the current data (Sekaran, et al., 2016).There are a few sources that were remembered for the auxiliary information assortment strategies, for example, a diary, organization site, on the web and disconnected sources, books, scholarly diaries, and magazine. Simultaneously, it can likewise be said that understanding regarding information assortment techniques can be strong to improve my examination aptitudes in a suitable way (Smith, 2015). Alongside this, I likewise found out about the factors that influence the examination in long haul. I likewise picked up my insight about the exploration confinement due to successfully play out the errand of the examination targets in a suitable way. There are various types of components that can contrarily impact to achieve examination, for example, absence of time and cost, absence of assets, and absence of monetary assets (Taylor, et al., 2015).In expansion to this, it very well may be said that the information on research impediment can likewise be steady for leading the exploration in future. In addition, it can likewise be said that I additionally picked up my insight about the time plan for an orderly way. References Arlbjrn, J. S., Mikkelsen, O. S. (2014). Backshoring fabricating: Notes on a significant however under-explored theme.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,20(1), 60-62. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. USA: Pearson Australia. Dolgui, A., Proth, J. M. (2013). Redistributing: definitions and analysis.International Journal of Production Research,51(23-24), 6769-6777. Hsu, C. C., Liou, J. J., Chuang, Y. C. (2013). Incorporating DANP and adjusted dim connection hypothesis for the choice of a re-appropriating provider.Expert Systems with Applications,40(6), 2297-2304. Schniederjans, M. J., Schniederjans, A. M., Schniederjans, D. G. (2015).Outsourcing and insourcing in a universal setting. UK: Routledge. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2016).Research strategies for business: An expertise building approach. USA: John Wiley Sons. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).Qualitative brain research: A viable manual for research strategies. USA: Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to subjective exploration strategies: A manual and asset. USA: John Wiley Sons. Vetrkov, M., Potkny, M., Hitka, M. (2013). Redistributing of office management.E+ M Ekonomie a Management, (1), 80. Willcocks, L., Cullen, S. (2013).Intelligent IT redistributing. UK: Routledge.

Management of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The board of International Business - Essay Example This report will dissect the PEST investigation of the nation to depict the outside condition which can influence the matter of the specific organization. The report incorporates the SWOT examination of the organization to enter in the new market. It is a well known apparatus for examination of vital situation of an organization and business condition. The fundamental purpose behind directing SWOT investigation is to distinguish the procedures that can be lined up with company’s qualities in the earth where it will work. Through SWOT Analysis organization can assess its shortcomings and negative components which can influence its prosperity. It uncovers the chances and dangers from outer business conditions and as needs be assists with making system to handle them. This report will give data on the methodology of Corporate Social Responsibility of the planned organization. At long last this report will assess the conceivable passage procedure of the organization by using certa in helpful techniques. The nation which is being chosen for this report is India. The purpose behind picking India is that it has one of the rich social inheritances in Asian Region. During recent years after freedom India has demonstrated great monetary advancement. At present India has gotten one of the top industrialized nations universally (NIC, 2005). Indian Economy is the fourth greatest economy as indicated by PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) which is critical for an organization to work their business. India has gotten one of the ‘most appealing destinations’ for remote organizations and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) since it have colossal labor base, solid large scale financial condition, and expanded characteristic assets. Since the year 1991, India have been keeping up acceptable speculator wonderful condition by its current changed strategy structure (INDIA.GOV.IN, n.d.). India keeps up law and guideline which is fundamental piece of fruitful business. India guarantees that all organizations are proceeding according to lawful structure of the nation. The organization which is picked for this report is Apple Inc which goes under PC equipment, programming and buyer hardware industry. There are two significant explanations behind picking Apple Inc. The main explanation is that it’s headquarter is arranged in the US and it is a remote global undertaking. Additionally it is one of the greatest mechanical organizations on the planet (Newton, 2011). What's more, the subsequent explanation is the way that Electronics and IT industry is one of the quickest creating enterprises in India. The Host Country India has been picked in this report since it has long convention in innovation. It has demonstrated extraordinary accomplishment in mechanical fragment since most recent couple of decades. India is equipped for addressing national needs, and it has created as least reliance on different countries for fulfilling the necessities. India is f ully informed regarding about all cutting edge and advance innovation and can assimilate promptly new advances for future turn of events (NIC, 2005). Alongside progression in outside venture and exportâ€

First Blogiversary

First Blogiversary One year ago tomorrow August 6, 2004 I started the first of six blogs MIT Admissions would launch in 2004. Now, with more than a dozen blogs up and running, I feel very proud of what weve been able to do. Over the past year, Ive learned a lot about blogging and how to best serve your needs. I hope that this second year of blogging will be even more helpful and successful. If you have any feedback, constructive criticism, or any other helpful comments about how I can be a better blogger for you, please let me know! First entry: Hello, world First Omnibus: November 3, 2004, entitled (Q A)^n First Omnibus with Omnibus in the title: February 7, 2005, entitled, Questions Omnibus, Part One Most hits, one entry: 10,976 (March 14, 2005: Pi Day/Decision Day) Most comments, one entry: 162 (Admitted!, March 14, 2005) As this entry is being published, Im enjoying some down time in Taiwan. But today I do plan to enjoy a Happy Blogiversary celebratory bubble tea. Thank you for reading, commenting, and otherwise being a part of this project over the last year. This bobas for you!

We Want Clean Water - 1550 Words

We want clean water In America, many practices take place that the majority of people are not aware of, and corporations who do promote their latest adventures to the public do not reveal the whole truth about their objectives, positive and negative. The American people get confused and wonder why they must investigate American companies in order to separate the lies from the truth. The Oil and Gas Industry have been fracking, a process that has been met with controversy, to obtain natural gas and with this process comes profit and harm done to others by way of polluting the air, contamination in water, using large amounts of fresh water per well and damaging land. These industries are exempted from the Safe Drinking Water Act by†¦show more content†¦Hydraulic Fracturing or Fracking is a way to fracture rocks by injecting pressurized fluids followed by sand to keep the fractures open, in order to extract natural gas (methane), coal seam gas (methane), or petroleum (Oxford Dictionary). Fracking requires a large amount of freshwater, which causes environmental problems. There is a Halliburton loophole that allows companies to do what they want because it exempts fracking from state water use regulations. Fracking in this manner has given the Oil and Gas industries some advantages, such as increased accessibility, greater efficiency and it costs less. As this process increases energy production, the energy becomes cheaper to access, which lowers manufacturing costs and in the end the profits rise for companies (CNN,Richard Quest). Environmentalists argue that fracking can cause earthquakes, contaminates water, pollutes the air and is a problem for Americans using freshwater. In the last ten years of fracking, America’s economy has been progressive with the oil and gas industry contributing to billions of dollars put into it as well as providing jobs for workers. There are many states that allow and use fracking wells, such as Colorado, Kansas, Texas, Tennessee, Louisi ana, Mississippi, Pennsylvania and many more. Each state relates to one another because fracking is happening near families who live near these drilling sites, and they have all experienced health issues that they did not have

America s High Prison Population - 1511 Words

America’s High Prison Population Since the 1970s, America’s prison population rate has risen 700%. Despite the U.S. comprising only 5% of the world’s population, it is the largest jailer with 25% of the world’s prison population with one in 99 adults in prison and one in 31 under some type of correctional control (Mass Incarceration Problems, 2014, p. 1). According to 2013 data, 2.2 million are currently incarcerated in U.S. prisons or jails (Incarceration, 2013, para. 1), a figure that indicates a rising problem with prison overcrowding. While prison overcrowding increases the economic burdens on local and state governments, common factors leading to the high prison population is linked to the need for improved juvenile programs that deter criminal behavior and fund for rehabilitation for reentry into mainstream society. With effective programs to deter juvenile crime and to aid in offender reentry coupled with sentencing reforms, overcrowding in the nati on’s prisons would decline. Among nearly 100,000 youth under age 18 released from U.S. prisons each year, the majority â€Å"are not provided with the critical assistance necessary for successful transition back to their communities, schools, homes, and peer groups† (Youth Reentry, 2012, p. 1). Instead, these youths return to neighborhoods that tend to lack the support programs necessary to ensure a positive transition back into mainstream society. Disturbingly, these youths frequently return to neighborhoods with high crimeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Prison Growth In American From 1970-20081674 Words   |  7 Pagesthe prison industry in America since the 1970s? Since the 1970s there has been a steady increase in the prison population where statistics now show from the BJS that more than one in every 100 adults are now imprisoned. 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Representation Of The Oedipus Complexes - 1905 Words

Representation of The Oedipus Complexes in Un Chien Andalou (1929) Un Chien Andalou (1929) was the first masterpiece of surrealism directed by one of the greatest Spanish director Luis Buà ±uel and the renowned surrealist painter Salvador Dalà ­. The Mise-en-scene of the film was striking in the era of its establishment and even nowadays, the film actually aimed to create no rational meanings, said by Bunuel (1983). Its major inspiration came from their dreams. Due to the film’s resemblance with dreaming, I found its visual representation coincidently matches Freud’s concept of the Oedipus complex, in a metaphorical manner. Sigmund Freud introduced the Oedipus Complex in his Interpretation of Dreams (1900). According to Freud (1900), Oedipus complex occurs in between three to six years old, during the third stage of a child’s sexual-psycho development, the phallic stage. In this stage, the genitals become their primary source of pleasure, and gender identification would develop. The child would have sexual desire of the parent of their opposite sex. The complexes will then arouse the child’s rivalry with the same-sex parent, and it is believed both boys and girls would experience the complex, and the castration fear and penis envy followed the complex. In Un Chien Andalou, there are scenes that could be viewed as an illustration of the concept. The relationship between the theory and the film is demonstrated as follows. Relationship between Un Chien Andalou (1929) and Freud’sShow MoreRelatedWilly Loman as a Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1218 Words   |  5 Pagesprinces, idea. Although Shakespeare tends to follow this pattern; his education may have led him to lesser liberal thinking. Miller believes it may also include the modern common man. To relate Loman to the likes of Lear, Hamlet, Oedipus, directly would be ludicrous but some comparisons can be made. 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Counsellors who use the structural model commonly focus on helping patients handle conflicts that occur between these three mental

Benefits of the world Trade Organization Essay Example For Students

Benefits of the world Trade Organization Essay Benefits of the World Trade OrganizationBy Mike HarrisonOne of the biggest firms associated with globalization is the World Trade Organization. The World Trade Organization is the only international body that deals with the rules of trading between nations. It has evolved over the past half century into an entity that contract with the trade of services, intellectual property as well as its original intent of the trade of goods. The WTO controls most trade in the world today through over 100 countries, and even more on the way. The World Trade Organization is beneficial economically and we should support its principles. The original and main goal of the WTO is to remove trade barriers between countries, which is a major idea behind globalization. Anyone who knows the slightest bit of economics knows that trade is beneficial to a country as a whole. When free trade is allowed it opens up foreign markets for domestic producers. It also opens up the possibility of foreign competition in domestic markets. This fact will lead to the reduction in price of many products, which will benefit the consumer. Trade restrictions hurt the consumer, and this is a problem that the WTO is charged with addressing. In the 1980s when Japanese cars were quickly gaining a foothold in the American market the US limited the number of imports from Japan, in theory to protect the American worker. In response to this, car prices rose extremely. If the imports were to be allowed into the United States it would no doubt have a short-term negative effect on the economy. This would all change however when a shift in the economy oc curred or the American producers were forced to make better products which in the end will benefit the costumer. The long-term benefits, although hard to see by many politicians, would benefit our country in the long run. The WTO also makes life much simpler for companies wishing to import raw materials from outside of the United States in order to make finished goods through Non-discrimination. If the WTO did not exist then the United States in all likelihood would have different import duties applying to different nations. Therefore if a company from the US wanted to import a raw material it would not be a simple case of comparing prices from differing countries. The company would have to make calculations and study the regulations of buying from certain countries making life much more complicated then it has to be. Since the rules of the WTO apply to all member countries there is no confusion about the import duties and companies can choose simply from the cheapest producer thus making the final product cheaper for the consumer. Aside from the WTOs involvement in the trading of goods it also regulates services and intellectual property. The service sector which includes banks, telecommunications companies, tour operators, hotel chains and transport companies, can now enjoy the same freedoms that were originally intended for the benefit of goods being imported and exported between countries. These services are now freer to open business abroad then ever before. Intellectual property has gained the same benefits under the WTO. Things such as copyrights, trademarks, geographical names used to identify products, industrial designs, integrated circuit layout-designs and undisclosed information are now protected when trade is involved. Disputes between countries can now as well be solved with the WTO. So if America has a problem with another countrys trade practices it can settle it through consultation. If that fails there is a mapped out, stage-by-stage procedure that includes the possibility of a ruling by a pa nel of experts, and the chance to appeal the ruling on legal grounds. So if America feels a foreign country is treating it unfairly it can use the WTO to solve the problem. The United States can yet again gain from the WTO when China is admitted. China is potentially the biggest market in the entire world. It is vital that the United States get into Chinas market if it wishes to stay competitive on the world stage in the future. China is on its way to attaining mega market status as a consumer of technological goods and services. Countries unwilling or unable to compete for a share of this market place put themselves at a substantial competitive and economic disadvantage. The admission of China into the WTO will greatly benefit many companies across the board in the United States. The potential for computer makers, software makers, internet providers and internet service providers are immense and American companies could gain tremendously from their potential. These benefits will no t be limited to the big name companies of the United States either. Smaller start-up companies will be on the same grounds now and receive the same benefits as larger firms. The small companies will now be able to sell their products in China where as they could not do so before because of the numerous obstacles that only the larger firms were equipped to maneuver around in China. Thus all businesses working from within the United States will have the fair opportunity to extend their reach into China. .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c , .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .postImageUrl , .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c , .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c:hover , .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c:visited , .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c:active { border:0!important; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c:active , .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5d5b9043100c3fdb8403ba53d4be06c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art And Anatomy EssayChina will also receive the same benefits once it enters the WTO and will be able to sell its products much easier to member countries. This fact will help the Chinese worker because member countries will tend not to buy Chinese goods if they know they were made in sweat shops or other places hurtful to the workers. The WTO will recognize this fact too and force China to provide better working conditions for its workers. The World Trade Organizations principles should be supported and embraced. The WTO is a large step in the right direction to globalization. The long term benefits of free trade far outweigh only argument critics can come up with, which are short-term economic losses. The WTO is structured in a way that every member country is treated fairly and if not they can safely argue and settle disputes. The potential for new markets for all business world-wide are also great, and this in itself should be enough for any person to agree with its necessity.

Gun Control Essays (583 words) - Gun Politics, Firearms,

Gun Control Some people are for new gun control laws, but I am one of the many that are against them. Now, it is impossible to pick up a newspaper or watch the evening news without being bombarded with the details of another mass shooting, or another child that was killed while playing with a gun. Unfortunately, there are many people who take the easy way out when it comes to a solution to this problem, they choose gun control. There are many facts that support my position in which I will explain. First of all, numerous studies have proven that there are many protective uses of firearms, but most are masked by the few larger negative gun stories in the news. Mark Johnson, a journalist for Media General News, reports that despite scholarly studies indicating that law-abiding citizens use firearms from 764,000 to 3.6 million times each year to thwart crime, most defensive gun use incidents go unreported to the authorities. A survey done by Florida State University criminologist, Gary Kleck, suggests that there are 2.2-2.5 million protective uses of guns each year. John R. Lott, a graduate of University of Chicago Law school, has found with his studies that allowing citizens to carry concealed weapons deters violent crimes and it appears to produce no increase in accidental deaths. Also, National attention has been given recently to the notion that foreign countries that harshly restrict gun ownership have crime rates much lower than that of the U.S. . In fact the lowest gun crime rates in Japan, Great Britain, and in Canada were when there was virtually no gun crime laws. The Second Amendment to the Constitution states that, "A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed,". The definition of gun control is; government regulation of possession and use of firearms by private citizens.These laws do nothing to stop criminals from buying illegal guns, who are unlikely to obey the law and register their guns. With these laws, gun rights groups say the legislation is infringing mostly on the constitutional rights of law-abiding citizens that are just trying to protect themselves. Our Founding Fathers gave the citizens of the United States the right to bear arms, and our current government is slowly trying to take it away. The Columbine high school shootings victims are blaming weak gun control laws for this incident. In reality it should be the parent's responsibility to control their children and lock guns away. Also, just because of one isolated incident, I don't believe people should try to take guns away from responsible people. It is much harder to buy guns with these laws and it takes more money and time to get them. That is why I believe the citizens of Columbine are wrong for blaming this incident and the few others on the concept of gun control laws. Many believe that gun control only takes guns away from law-abiding citizens and it does nothing to stop criminals from buying illegal guns, who are unlikely to obey the law and register their guns. I feel that the term gun control is improperly used. The government is using it as a way to take our right to bear arms and other than a bodyguard or a law enforcement officer at one's side twenty-four hours a day, the most effective deterrent to criminal attack is the criminal's fear that the victim is armed and prepared to defend him or her self. It is for these reasons that I am against these and also because America should be able to protect themselves from criminals that do abuse firearms.

Is Being Straight In The WNBA a Problem Professor Ramos Blog

Is Being Straight In The WNBA a Problem Growing up especially in my pre-teen years I was so confused with how I was supposed to act. I was so tomboy, I loved getting dirty and playing sports, I hated the color pink and never ever wanted a boy to beat me at anything. In middle school, I fell in love with basketball and took it very seriously. I played every day at lunch with all of my guy friends. As I got older and the more my friends and I started to hit puberty, things started to get a little weird. It wasnt common for a 13/14-year-old girl to be playing basketball with a bunch of sweaty teenage boys. Girls my age were supposed to start playing with makeup and trying to get boyfriends. As time went on the less and less I played basketball, with boys anyway. In a way, I felt like me playing basketball and not being girly gave off this vibe which caused people to question my sexual orientation. I for one didnt really enjoy that too much because I was young and I didnt want anybody thinking I was gay. Although as more time passed I questioned if I actually did like girls and it turns out I do. But the moral of the story is, is it okay to question the sexual orientation of a girl/woman in a predominately male sport? Or does it even matter? Candice Dana Wiggins is an American retired professional basketball player. Wiggins played college basketball at Stanford University, where she graduated as the all-time leading scorer in Stanford and Pac 10 womens basketball history. Throughout her playing career, Wiggins played for the Minnesota Lynx, Tulsa Shock, Los Angeles Sparks and New York Liberty of the Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) and has played overseas in Spain and Greece. Wiggins has also won a WNBA championship and WNBA Sixth Woman of the Year. Candice Wiggins caused a storm by claiming she was bullied in a league that was ‘98% gay’ but in truth, the WNBA is open, tolerant, and committed to inclusion. Candice Wiggins’ decision to go public with accusations that she’d been bullied in the WNBA, partly because she is heterosexual, was guaranteed to create a firestorm. Since Wiggins said that â€Å"98% of the women in the WNBA are gay women† and â€Å"people were deliberately trying to hurt me all of the time. I had never been called the B-word so many times in my life,† she hit the sweet spot for media coverage of the WNBA. The league is seldom considered newsworthy enough when we see things like the creation of a superteam in Washington, with Elena Delle Donne and the Mystics, or when an epic WNBA final between the Minnesota Lynx and Los Angeles Sparks goes down to the final seconds of an elimination game. But a player asserting all the most vicious stereotypes about the league? That’s when the big outlets cannot wait to step up. Many believe the timing of Wiggins’ claims are no coincidence, given that she was working on a book about her WNBA career. Perhaps more worrying than Wiggins’ remarks was that the league did little to push back against her claims. The WNBA did not respond to the Guardian’s request for comment on this story until a statement attributed to league president Lisa Borders. The statement read, â€Å"When I first read the comments I was stunned and disappointed. In my time with the league and as a fan before that, I’ve had the pleasure of getting to know a group of highly competitive women who are driven to succeed at the highest level on the court and constantly striving to help create an opportunity for all members of their communities. â€Å"I’ve found our players to be earnest, heartfelt and eloquent, and clear in their commitment to our league’s core values of diversity, inclusion, and respect. Of course, it concerns me if any of our players do not have a positive experience and I hope that anyone who feels uncomfortable would reach out to me or others in the league office.† Beyond how incomprehensible that is to the players, why wouldn’t the league support its players when the facts are far friendlier to the league’s position than they are to Wiggins? it has ensured that in a rare moment in which the WNBA is in the spotlight, it is being defined by false information about the players and their accomplishments. But in the absence of guidance from the league, a funny thing happened. The diverse, opinionated and intellectually impressive WNBA players represented themselves and destroyed much of the ignorant stereotyping by Wiggins’ alternative facts. Devereaux Peters of the Indiana Fever made quick work of Wiggins’ math. WNBA legend and new Hall of Fame nominee Rebecca Lobo got at the issue with the 98% comment as it played in the media, referencing this ESPN piece that pointed out that â€Å"there is no published data on the number of gay players in the league.† As an 11-year veteran, Monique Currie put it, â€Å"Wiggins needs to check her privilege at the door, and not group her very unfortunate personal experiences on an entire group of women.† Many others followed. But what Wiggins has done is provide implicit permission for anyone else to categorize WNBA players by their sexuality. It also takes a percentage of media oxygen for a league that drew more than 1.6 million fans to its games last year, saw television ratings jump 11% and attendance by 4.6% during a year with the best overall play and playoffs anybody can remember and redirect it off the court. Worse yet, it is a built-in excuse not to cover the league for anyone in media who are looking for one. Even a former player said nobody watches, right? And to those not paying attention, the Wiggins story is one of the few that broke through, garnering ESPN alert status on phones and landing prime real estate in Bleacher Report, among many other places.  All contained within a falsehood, selling out a fanbase Wiggins herself claimed was what kept her going for years as a player. Imani Boyette of the Chicago Sky explained this eloquently in response to Wiggins, â€Å"You said, ‘Nobody cares about the WNBA. Viewership is minimal. Ticket sales are very low. They give away tickets and people don’t come to the game.’ And that’s simply not true. When you retired in March, you said the reason you stuck around so long and kept fighting through injury was because of the fans. Did you know our ticket sales and viewership increased this year? Did you care to know? â€Å"Your article hurt me, Candice, both as your fellow WNBA player and as a little girl who looked up to you. You chose to typecast an entire league instead of speaking your peace, telling your truth. You chose to put all of us down, fans included. How can you turn your back on an entity that gave you your career, your upcoming book, and your worldwide acclaim? I think that’s selfish.† This touched me a lot because I felt the exact same way as Imani Boyette, it blows my mind how quick she could be to talk bad on the entire WNBA. Wiggins didn’t even have the courage to defend her larger assertions about the league when contacted by Mechelle Voepel of ESPNW, one of the reporters versed in the league and then able to question her effectively. Wiggins ended up telling Voepel she merely wanted â€Å"privacy and peace†, a day after making statements that guaranteed less of both for the players who have followed her in the league. Wiggins used her platform to denigrate the league, its current and former players, while opening up a sinister new line of attack on a league that, in conversations with players from every era, embraces every woman, regardless of background or sexual orientation, who can shoot or rebound or dish or protect the rim. No one has come forward to corroborate Wiggins’ claims. And that doesn’t invalidate Wiggins’ own experience. But it certainly casts doubts on the broad conclusions she made about the league as a whole. And if Wiggins merely did this to try and gin up interest in her book †¦ well, she’ll likely find that she miscalculated. Those who support the league and its players aren’t interested in false accusations. And the people she emboldened with her statements, utterly unsupported by the facts or collective experience of others in the league? They aren’t interested in supporting women at all.

Financial Mangement Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Mangement Decisions - Essay Example With an interest of capital at 10% seeing from the NPV table we multiply the values with the respective year cash flow. Then we add all the present values and subtract the initial investment to reach the NPV. The NPV is $1,021,901. The NPV shows a huge and positive value of $1.2 million. The accounting theory says that any project with a positive NPV should be accepted. This criterion is met and it is the most important criteria since it keeps the time value of money into consideration for the whole stream of the cash flows. Any changes done in the above cash flows can and cannot change the decision. However this depends on the value of the change at the end of the project. The additional building would have to be further depreciated and this may cause the change in decision. And depending on the amount of money invested the NPV could also become negative leading to a change in decision. Also it needs to be noted that the payback period is very close to the 3 year policy of the company. If the payback period changes and goes over the 3 year mark, then the project would be rejected. Question - Many corporate acquisitions result in losses to the acquiring firms' stockholders. Accordingly, why do firms purchase other corporations Are they simply paying too much for the acquired corporation A co-worker asks your opinion. Specifically state the reasons for your argument. According to a research done by Sara Moeller, Frederik ... 1,021,901 3) Based on your answer for question 2, do you think the project should be accepted Why Assume Superior has a P/B (payback) policy of not accepting projects with life of over three years. Yes, the project should be accepted based on the calculations done above. The NPV shows a huge and positive value of $1.2 million. The accounting theory says that any project with a positive NPV should be accepted. This criterion is met and it is the most important criteria since it keeps the time value of money into consideration for the whole stream of the cash flows. The criterion set by Superior is also met as the payback is less than three years (2 years 11 months). Since both criterions are met, it is advised that this project should be accepted. 4) If the project required additional investment in land and building, how would this affect your decision Explain. Any changes done in the above cash flows can and cannot change the decision. However this depends on the value of the change at the end of the project. The additional building would have to be further depreciated and this may cause the change in decision. And depending on the amount of money invested the NPV could also become negative leading to a change in decision. Also it needs to be noted that the payback period is very close to the 3 year policy of the company. If the payback period changes and goes over the 3 year mark, then the project would be rejected. Part Two Question - Many corporate acquisitions result in losses to the acquiring firms' stockholders. Accordingly, why do firms purchase other corporations Are they simply paying too much for the acquired corporation A co-worker asks your opinion. Specifically state the reasons for your argument. In your own words, please provide a

Feministic justice and revenge upon patriarchal misogynists Essay

Feministic justice and revenge upon patriarchal misogynists - Essay Example This essay demonstrates that in GDT and BQ acts of feministic revenge are conducted as a means of claiming justice and reclamation of power from patriarchal characters who have abused their position of power. Conversely, in EH justice is only found through the legal system. Also, in GDT and BQ the heroines escape/are free at the end of the films, this implies, either rightly or wrongly that their actions were justified in the eyes of their respective societies and cultures. In EH, however, two of the main characters are killed by males, one by a boy and justice was only served for Yeter’s death in Germany. The films all demonstrate recognition of patriarchal ills conducted against women in each of the societies, and the women’s rights to seek justice. They do this in different manners, however, according to the cultural norms of the films’ characters. In GDT the woman is equal in all ways and can seek a violent revenge for herself. In BQ she can be strong and vio lent but still requires the support of men; she is not entirely equal. In EH women only have equality in the eyes of the law.  This essay demonstrates that in GDT and BQ acts of feministic revenge are conducted as a means of claiming justice and reclamation of power from patriarchal characters who have abused their position of power. Conversely, in EH justice is only found through the legal system. Also, in GDT and BQ the heroines escape/are free at the end of the films, this implies, either rightly or wrongly that their actions were justified in the eyes of their respective societies and cultures. In EH, however, two of the main characters are killed by males, one by a boy and justice was only served for Yeter’s death in Germany. The films all demonstrate recognition of patriarchal ills conducted against women in each of the societies, and the women’s rights to seek justice. They do this in different manners, however, according to the cultural norms of the filmsâ₠¬â„¢ characters. In GDT the woman is equal in all ways and can seek a violent revenge for herself. In BQ she can be strong and violent but still requires the support of men; she is not entirely equal. In EH women only have equality in the eyes of the law.   The feministic themes of revenge in GDT and BQ do not, however, serve to progress any culture.   There is no message that violence is not an acceptable cultural practice in any of the respective countries and the means of justice portrayed in these two films is not a common one in the real world. The actions of the real-life â€Å"Bandit Queen† are an exception rather than the norm. Justice through legal action in EH is a more accurate portrayal. In spite of this, it is apparent that the cold murder and lack of justice for Lotte and the abilities of men to threaten and control Yeter show that Turkish cultural attitudes to gender equality remain far behind those of European societies. In a world of increasing gender equ ality, however, the portrayal of gender violence against men as opposed to women is merely a dramatized portrayal of gender equality.

Study on stress management for teachers in Malaysia

Study on stress management for teachers in Malaysia Teaching is one of the most stressful jobs in Malaysia. The talk on Stress Management for Teachers (Kolej Disted-Stamford news, 23 February 2008) declared that teaching is a challenging profession and hence, teachers could do with learning how to de-stress to maintain good health and high spirits.  There are two main sources of stress which affect teachers; heavy workload and students problem. Nowadays, a teachers duty is multifaceted as they undertake not only teaching but also matters associated with curriculum, students, parents, the school community as well as departmental initiatives. Another key point to note, the success of the newly launched National Education Blueprint has given a big impact on the development of the schools and teachers themselves. This plan is expected to produce intellectual students who are able to collect information and acquire knowledge and skills, instead of purely memorizing knowledge. Education system should cater to the needs of all students; smart, mediocre, weak or disabled. The success of the National Education Blueprint depends on the teachers ability, quality, skills and effectiveness in educating students. Teachers are required to have proficient skills in teaching and educating students to fulfill the governments aspiration in providing world class education. As a result of this new system, married female teachers may face an increase in workload which will in turn affect their work performance as well as their psychological well-being. According to Smylie (1999), These are tough times being a teacher (p. 59). Ewing and Smith (2003) reported that between 25% and 40% of beginning teachers in the Western World countries are leaving teaching or facing burnout syndrome. Over the past ten years, many researchers focused on the effect of work overload on work-family conflict. Generally, they found that high levels of work overload led to higher levels of work-family conflict (WFC). From a personal perspective, {suggested that the demands that employees have to fulfil considering their resources namely time and emotions to devote to work with less devote to their families.} work demands require employees to devote more resources namely time and emotions to work, leaving them with fewer resources to devote to their families. Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) define work-family conflict as a type of inter-role conflict in which role pressures from work and family are mutually incompatible. That is, work demands are not compatible with family demands (Allen, Herst, Bruck, and Sutton, 2000). Allen et al. (2000) reviewed the relationship between work-family conflict and (a) work-related outcomes, (b) non-work-related outcomes, (c) stress-related outcomes and generally found significant relationships across these areas. They concluded that work-family conflict has important personal and organizational consequences. It is important to note that the early research on multiple roles focused almost on women, particularly on women who occupied the roles of wife, mother, and employee. The multiple roles of women may affect the well-being of the family such as the husband, children and including the wife herself. Conflict occurs when a family is unable to cope with this multiples roles effectively and the result has been found to affect work satisfaction and psychological well-being (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985; Loscocco and Roschelle, 1991; Phelan et al., 1991). In order to maintain the health and success of teachers and schools, greater understanding of WFC is fundamental. Consequently, the influence of WFC in the prediction of psychological well-being is receiving increasing attention (e.g., ODriscoll, Brough, and Kalliath, 2004). This has led to an increment in the number of occupational stress researchers as well as WFC variables in their estimates of both individual health and work performance (Brough O Driscoll, 2005). Research suggests that an individuals self-efficacy in a specific domain provides information regarding how the individual perceive and cope with challenges. In the case of managing conflict that inevitably arise between personal and professional responsibilities, assessing work-family conflict efficacy may provide a unique perspective on what might ultimately help to reduce the negative outcomes namely decrease in life and job satisfaction that are associated with work-family conflict. Understanding how self-efficacy function in the relationship between work-family conflict and these outcomes could bring about meaningful therapeutic measures for women experiencing work-family conflict. Self-efficacy is defined as, peoples judgments in their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performance (p. 391). Bandura (1977) described self-efficacy as a key determinant of psychological change, choice of settings and activities, quality of performance in a specific domain, and level of persistence when one meets adverse or negative experiences. Having mentioned about efficacy, other predictors may also have significance in contributing to WFC and well-being. Religious coping and religiosity that have been found to affect health status positively, including overall morbidity and mortality, acute conditions, fatal ailments, pain and chronic illness (Levin, 1994). Religious belief has been perceived as one way of coping with conflict. The positive influence of religious certainty on well-being was found to be direct and substantial, whereby individuals with a strong religious faith reported higher levels of life satisfaction and greater personal happiness (Ellison, 1991), as well as lower levels of distress (Ross, 1990). Religious activities especially prayers are usually regarded as positive coping devices directed toward both the problem and personal growth (Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Shetter, De Longis Gruis, 1986). Due to the insufficient of information on the psychological outcomes of combining work and family roles among Malaysian women, the present study is aimed at investigating the direct and indirect relationships between WFC efficacy, religious coping, WFC and well-being. The study hypothesized that the relationship between WFC efficacy, religious coping and well-being is mediated by WFC. Therefore, the proposed model hypothesized WFC to act as an intervening variable between WFC efficacy and religious coping and well-being among female teachers in Malaysia. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Changes in family structures are transforming the workplace while adjustments in parental work patterns are altering family life. Thus, there has been a dramatic increase in rates of paid employment globally among mothers with children. Research on WFC since the past 30 years has been fuelled by the growing proportion of employees who are dual-earner partners or single parents. As the number of working women with young children at home and dual-career households rise, so does the need for research and organizational attention towards potentially reducing stress due to WFC. Research to date suggests that high levels of work-family conflict are related to dysfunctional outcomes such as life dissatisfaction, anxiety, depression, and poor health in individual, increased interpersonal conflict and divorce in relationships, and as for the organizations, namely absenteeism, tardiness and loss of talented employees. Besides that, The National Union of The Teaching Profession (NUTP) Secretary, General Lok Yim Pheng, in New Sunday Times, May 18, 2008, informed that teachers are overloaded with paper work and they are pressured to train students on how to answer examination questions. Teachers must always maintain the quality of their work, try to improve their productivity and acquire knowledge and skills to develop human capital in the globalized world. Moreover, teachers play an essential role in shaping a community as their products of educating efforts contribute to its functionality. These are the demands of teaching profession nowadays. Researchers have identified various stressors that may affect the psychological well-being of teachers and one of the stressor is workload that may lead to burnout. Although some researchers may argue that social status is one of the most important factors for psychological well-being (Bredemeier, 1979), it seems that excessive workload could impose an undue level of stress that is more serious than any other stressors. A large number of studies show that teachers are exposed to workload which results particularly in stress and strain. At least one third of teachers can be seen as suffering from extreme stress and/or burnout (e.g., Boyle, Borg, Falzon Baglioni, 1991; Friesen Sarros, 1989). Researchers have considered various unique antecedents to WFC (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985; Frone, 1992). However, the role of personality factors on womens well-being, on the other hand, is less well documented. Only a few researchers have assessed the relationship between WFC efficacy and religious coping. For instance, Carlson (1999) found negative affectivity to be directly related to greater WIF conflict. There is a need to identify how WFC efficacy and religious coping can be linked with WFC and well-being in a causal relationship in the school setting. The present study uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to examine relationships among two independent (exogenous) and dependent (endogenous) variables simultaneously in a causal framework. With regard to personal resources, why do some teachers succeed in being good teachers continuously enhancing students achievements, setting high goals for themselves and pursuing them persistently, while others fail to meet expectations imposed on them and tend to collapse under the burden of everyday stress? Based on this statement, the study examines the problem by investigating the influence of teachers WFC efficacy and religious coping on work-family conflict and well-being of female teachers in Malaysia. If teachers WFC efficacy and religious coping can be proven to reduce WFC among female teachers, it seems possible to increase teachers WFC efficacy and improve teachers coping style using religious approach which in turn may boost teachers well-being. Again, if WFC efficacy and religious coping are causally related to WFC as hypothesized, this relationship will reduce teachers WFC and increase teachers well-being respectively. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In generally, this study serves the purpose to examine the impact of WFC efficacy and religious coping on WFC and well-being of secondary school teachers in Malaysia. To validate the instruments utilized in this study, the researcher adopted the two-step Structural Equation Modeling. Then, the researcher estimated the hypothesized relationships. The primary purpose of this research is to construct-validate the instrument to assess WFC of female teachers in Malaysia which are Work-family conflict (WFC), Work-family conflict efficacy (WFC efficacy) Religious coping (RC), Well-being (WB) consisted of Health (GHQ) and Job-Family Dissatisfaction (JFD). The study also estimates the relationships of WFC, WFC efficacy, RC and well-being of female teachers in Malaysia. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The following research questions are formulated to address the hypothesized relationships: 1. Are the constructs of work-family conflict, work-family conflict efficacy, religious coping and well-being valid and reliable? 2. Does work-family conflict efficacy directly influenced the well-being of female teachers in Malaysia? 3. Does work-family conflict efficacy indirectly influenced well-being via work-family conflict of female teachers in Malaysia? 4. Does religious coping directly influenced well-being of female teachers in Malaysia? 5. Does religious coping indirectly influenced well-being via work-family conflict of female teachers in Malaysia? Does teachers work-family conflict directly influenced by their well-being? Does WFC-efficacy and religious coping significantly correlated? THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT The model of this study, which is derived from Frone et al., (1992), examines the interrelationships among the two predictors WFC efficacy and RC that may affect well-being directly and indirectly via work-family conflict. This research focuses on the variables that are considered vital to increase well-being and to reduce WFC. The hypothesized interrelationships and interdependency among these variables are presented in Figure 1. The model depicts four measurement models, labeled as efficacy accounted for the variability in WFC efficacy and FWC-efficacy. First, work-family conflict-efficacy (WFC efficacy) which acts as a predictor or an independent variable comprises work-family conflict efficacy (WFC efficacy) and family-work conflict efficacy (FWC efficacy) of work-family conflict and well-being. This type of personality may improve or increase ones well-being because it strongly affects a persons ability to do a task. Teachers WFC efficacy should aim at reducing teachers experiences with WFC aside from functioning as a personality booster. Thus, an individuals personality plays a role in the amount of work-family conflict that he or she experiences. The second latent variable, religious coping illustrates the underlying factors for positive religious/spiritual coping (POS RC) and negative religious/spiritual coping (NEG RC). In order for teachers to cope with work-family conflict, they need to choose an effective coping style. In this study, religious coping as a second predictor of WFC and well-being may have significant relationships with both dependents. It is certainly reasonable to argue that teachers who manage their religious coping well would most likely have less WFC and a better well-being. In addition, the relationship between the two constructs namely WFC efficacy and religious coping would covary. In other words, the researcher believes that the constructs are correlated, but does not assume that one construct is dependent upon another. This relationship is depicted by a two-headed arrow connection as shown in Figure 1. In the current study, WFC efficacy and religious coping will be tested as predictors of WFC and w ell-being. The third latent variable, WFC, represents the underlying factor for Work-interfering-with-family and Family-interfering-with-work. WFC occurs when participation in the work role and the family role is incompatible in some respect. Work-family conflict can arise from; 1) the time demands of one role that interfere with participation in the other role and; 2) the stress that originates in one role that spills over into the other role which, only detracts from the latters quality of life. As a result, participation in one role is made more difficult by virtue of participation in the other role. Individuals who invest more time or more psychological involvement in their work rather than their family experience the highest levels of work-to-family conflict and life stress, which ultimately reduce their quality of life. The fourth latent variable, well-being, accounts for the variability in General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Job-Family Dissatisfaction (JFD) which is hypothesized to represent participants reported well-being. Thus, it is not what the situation offers but rather how we react to a situation that determines our well being. If work and family roles were imbalanced, conflict might occur which would eventually affect the well-being of a person. Effects will range from job-family dissatisfaction to health problems, which are viewed as psychological distress. Work-Family Conflict Efficacy H3 Well-being (distress job dissatisfaction Work-family Conflict (wif,fiw) H2 H7 H6 H3 Religious Coping H5 Figure 1 The Hypothesized Model of Work-family Conflict and Well-Being Note: Exogenous Construct: WFC efficacy; religious coping; WFC Endogenous Construct: WFC; well-being RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS In the hypothesized model, six hypotheses are tested to depict the relationships between work-family conflict and the three variables identified above. In the following discussion, each of these six hypotheses are identified and explained. The Reciprocal Relationship between Work-Family Conflict Efficacy, Work-Family Conflict and Well-Being Studies have shown that the personal resources that women bring with them into their roles explained more of the variance in reported strain symptoms than the role stressors alone (e.g. Amatea Fong, 1991). Self-efficacy in a particular domain has been indirectly and directly linked to outcomes in that domain. For instance, Lent, Brown and Hackett (1994) suggested that self-efficacy promotes academic and vocational outcomes, such as interest, choice and performance. The conservation of resources model proposes that individuals act to acquire and maintain a variety of resources, such as objects, energies, condition and personal characteristic. On the basis of these findings, the following hypotheses are proposed: H2 Those with high work-family conflict efficacy will portray increased well-being (low distress and low dissatisfaction) H3 The effects of work-family conflict efficacy on well-being are mediated by work-family conflict, such that those with high work-family conflict efficacy demonstrate less conflict which will leads to increased well-being (low distress and low dissatisfaction). The Reciprocal Relationship between Religious Coping, Work-family Conflict and Well-Being In recent years, a growing body of literature has explored the implications of religion and spirituality for various mental and physical health outcomes (Koenig 1994). Other findings have also indicated that various dimensions of religiousness and spirituality may enhance the subjective states of well-being (Ellison, 1991). A report by the Fetzer Institute (2003), stated that a few studies in the US show that the subjective beneficial effects of participating in religious services, prayer and Bible reading are primarily due to their role in strengthening religious belief and individuals who describe themselves as having a strong religious faith report being happier and more satisfied with their lives. Most recently, Lapierre and Allen (2006) had used conservation of resources model to study the different coping methods employed by individuals to avoid WFC. They found that some coping methods are more useful than others to help individuals gain or conserve resources. Thus, the followi ng hypotheses are proposed: H4 Those with high religious coping show increased well-being (low distress and low dissatisfaction). H5 The effects of religious coping on well-being are mediated by work-family conflict such that those with high religious coping portray less conflict which leads to increased well-being (low distress and low dissatisfaction) The Reciprocal Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Well-Being Work-family conflict has been found to have a significant negative relationship with measured of psychological health rather than physical health (Mikkelsen Burke, 2004). Noor (2006) presented some selected research findings on work, family and womens well-being. The result showed that women were more strongly affected by the changes in their lives compared to men because even when employed they are still primarily responsible for the home and family. Role theory and spillover theory are the underpinning theories to explain the connection between WFC and well-being. Thus, the following hypothesis is proposed: H6 WFC negatively influences well-being. The Reciprocal Relationship between Work-Family Conflict Efficacy and Religious Coping Covary Judge, Erez and Bono (1998) suggested that self-efficacy has a strong influence on individuals, whether they adopt an optimistic or pessimistic coping style (Seligman Schulman, 1996). They suggested that those with high generalized self-efficacy believe in their ability to change bad situations. The type of coping strategy selected has been shown to be related to the experience of work-family strain and overall well-being. Researchers have also found that self-efficacy is linked to the effectiveness of coping (Anderson, 1977; Bandura, 1977). On the basis of these findings, the following hypothesis is proposed: H7 WFC efficacy and religious coping significantly correlated. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This is a fundamental area of study for both researchers and practitioners, as more and more female teachers struggle having to take up with multiple roles in life being a wife, a parent and even a caretaker of elderly parents aside from her teaching profession. Teachers are the main doers in the process of forming a community and students are the products of teachers educating efforts. Due to the above basis, there are three important research areas that need focus namely; theory, methodology and practicality. Firstly, from the theoretical viewpoint, less attention is devoted to examine how WFC and well-being are indirectly related to efficacy and RC. The studies by Frone (2003) called for the examination of personality dispositions as antecedents of WFC. The role of personality factors on womens well-being, on the other hand, is less well documented. Carlson (1999) found negative affectivity to be directly related to greater WIF conflict. Although many studies on WFC involved nurses, managers, clericals, doctors, lawyers and engineers there were not many studies related to work and family conflict in the teaching profession. According to Kinicki et al.s (1996) review, the basic proposition which states that environmental and personality variables influence the choice of coping strategies, has been generally supported by empirical research, but the relationships between coping strategies and outcomes are inconsistent. Research on coping should address both the effects of coping on appraisal and strain as well as vice versa (Harris, 1991). It is vital to note that this study focus on the relationships between religious coping and work-family conflict and well-being. Furthermore, knowing how women deal with the realities of their conflicts rather than how they feel about them seems particularly important. Therefore it is of great interest to get a deeper knowledge of the antecedents/predictors of the teachers work-family conflict. Secondly, is/from the methodological component/perspective. There are inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between WFC and well-being. Due to this reason, this study also investigates the direct and indirect relationships concurrently. Apart from that, this study also examines WFC efficacy as a predictor of WFC due to the inconclusive findings related to efficacy and stress. In the current study, the researcher examines work-family conflict efficacy that may play an important role as a predictor of WFC in increasing teachers well-being. Unfortunately, not much is known about the relationships between WFC efficacy, religious coping, WFC and well-being in Malaysian studies. Thus, this study examines direct and indirect relationships between WFC, WFC efficacy, religious coping and well-being. By using Structural Equation Modeling, the direct and indirect relationships can be simultaneously tested. To achieve this purpose, the data are analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analy sis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Additionally, there is only few research on WFC among teachers in the Malaysian population utilizing SEM. The result of the study would substantiate understanding about the phenomenon of work-family conflict in teacher population with the use of SEM. Thirdly, in practicality, it is important to study WFC and the psychological well-being of female school teachers. Studies has indicated that many teachers are incapable of juggling their professional and family roles effectively (Elbaz-Lubisch, 2002; Spencer, 1986). Teachers in Ackers study (1992) clearly thought that the combination roles of being a teacher and a mother were not at all convenient. Job satisfaction and teaching competence are important variables in regard to teachers continuity in the profession. For instance, studies by Certo and Fox (2002) indicated that job satisfaction in teaching was associated with aspects such as workplace conditions, administrative control, and organizational culture. It also touched on how teachers felt about their own competencies like teaching accomplishments and their general feelings coming to work. When teacher satisfaction was examined by Scott and Dinham (2003), they found that it was influenced by students achievement and personal e fficacy. Hence, it may be plausible to argue that a teachers well-being is influenced by job satisfaction and competence plus, reduced well-being associated with work may lead to stress that will in turn affect job performance. This study hopes to contribute to the importance of the relationships between WFC, WFC efficacy, religious coping and well-being of female teachers. Work-family problems, if they are not effectively managed, will not only affect individuals and their families, but also adversely affect their employers and ultimately the society at large. Hence, the responsibility for developing and implementing effective ways to reduce work-family interference and increase development should be shared by organizations, individuals and their families, as well as policy-makers. This study may also assist the policy-makers and administrators to implement intervention strategies aimed at managing teachers WFC, if possible reducing their workload. Additionally, practitioners are interested in the extent to which various interventions like family-friendly policies and programs, and the supportiveness of the work-family culture would actually reduce employees work-family role conflict. They are also interested in how this can have significant impact on a number of work, family and personal outcomes, as mentioned above. Therefore, future research should be aimed at examining the effectiveness of such interventions. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY First, limiting the generalizability of current findings, even though the sample represents the organizations population, they were female. Secondly, the disadvantage of using a survey method is that it influence the willingness of individuals to respond accurately. Finally, the present study is clearly limited by the cross-sectional nature of the research. DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study focused only on married female secondary school teachers in the District of Hulu Langat in Selangor. This sample size was limited to only those who were in one district in one state. The researcher controlled the influence of participants marital status, number of children, working experience on WFC and level of institutions (secondary schools) that were expected to have high significant levels of conflict between work and family roles. The presence of children within the home has been identified as a factor that affects conflict. Regarding the influence children have on work and family conflict, research has suggested that FWC and WFC are exacerbated by the number of children living within the home (Kinnunen Mauno, 1998; Voydanoff, 1988). This research also included in-depth open-ended interviews to further explore the mechanisms that explain teachers WFC. DEFINITION OF THE OPERATIONAL KEY TERMS For the purpose of this study, the key terms or constructs under the study are operationally defined as follow, with some elaborations on the definitions. Work-Family Conflict Work-family conflict has been defined as a form of inter-role conflict in which pressures from work and family roles are incompatible (Greenhaus Beutell, 1985). For instance, when one devotes extra time and energy into one role, the other role is compromised. This study defines work-family conflict according to Netemeyer et al., (1996, p. 401) as a form of inter-role conflict in which the general demands of, time devoted to and strain created by the job interfere with performing family-related responsibilities. Work-Family Conflict Efficacy Work-family conflict efficacy is defined as an individuals beliefs in her or his ability to manage work-family and family-work conflict (Cinamon, 2003). In this study, work-family conflict efficacy refers to the perceptions of self-efficacy to manage work-family conflict and family-work conflict. Self-efficacy was theoretically defined in this study as self-regulatory efficacy, which is a specific type of perceived self-efficacy. The given attainment in this study was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Bandura (1997) defined a specific type of self-efficacy, self-regulatory efficacy, as the ability to guide and motivate oneself to get things done that one knows how to do. The issue is not whether one can do them occasionally but whether one has the efficacy to get oneself to do them regularly in the face of varied dissuading (p.43). Religious Coping Various definitions of coping have been proposed, including coping as a psychoanalytic process; as a personal trait, style or disposition; as a description of situationally specific strategies; and as a process. In this study, coping in the context of religious approach is used. Thus, religious coping is defined as dealing with life effectively within the search for significance towards the sacred (Pargament, 1997). Religious coping includes a positive and negative religious/spiritual coping factor that reflects benevolent religious involvement in the search for significance and a negative factor that reflects religious struggle in coping. Well-being Kathryn Dianne (2009) argued that employee well-being consists of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and dispositional affect), workplace well-being (job satisfaction and work-related affect) and psychological well-being (self acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, autonomy, purpose in life and personal growth). In this study well-being refers to symptoms of psychological distress and job-family dissatisfaction. Symptoms of psychological distress Goldberg (1978) has identified symptoms of psychological distress through somatic and affective of distress. Job-Family Dissatisfaction Job-family dissatisfaction refers to a respondents perception of negative spillover from his or her work to family (Small Riley, 1990), for example the negative impact of a respondents work demands or stressors on her marital and parental roles. Mediator Mediators are intervening variables, which could explain why relationships exist. Mediation exists when an exogenous construct indirectly influences an endogenous construct via a third variable or construct. That is, the effect of a third variable or construct (mediator) intervenes between two other related constructs. In this study, work-family conflict functions as a mediator. SUMMARY Chapter one is organized into nine sections. The first section presents the background of the study, followed by the statement of problem and purpose of the study. To achieve the purpose of the study, several research questions have been formulated and explained more on the conceptual framework part, a set of relationships (work-family conflict efficacy, religious coping, work-family conflict and well-being) in a path diagram is depicted. Sixth, on the basis of

Manipulative Kate of All My Sons by Arthur Miller Essay examples -- A

Manipulative Kate of All My Sons by Arthur Miller All My Sons is a play about the trials and tribulations of the normal everyday suburbia. The play brings out the reality that not everything is perfect. Holes are created by the fight between good and evil. In this play the evil is the act of lying, and the good is the innocence of ignorance. The play starts with an everyday business man given the age-old fight of man versus himself. He had to decide whether or not to ship defective parts. On the one side if he did not, he would lose his business and his life as he knew it. On the other hand, he could send parts that could kill innocent others. Evil came out of him and he lied and shipped the defective parts. Later on twenty one soldiers died from this, and his business was put on the spot. He lied yet again and had his partner take the blame to spend years in prison. Joe was found not guilty by the court of law and only a few knew of the real happenings. One of those few was his wife, Kate. She was one of the good, innocent few unti l she began to lie to everyone, keeping in her husbands secret. Problems arose when her one son never returned from war. She did not want to assume he was dead; she was only lying to herself. Over time, Kate started to change; she never acknowledged the truth and kept trying to live her own little lie. A sinister outlook started to set in. Certain danger was imminent as Kate’s presence leached into the people of the formerly peaceful suburban t...

Comparison some Theories of Motivation Essay

What is motivation? People are motivated when they want to do something and make progress. Mixed motives range from conscious to unconscious are necessary for action but not sufficient in themselves, hence â€Å"we must judge a person’s motives from their overt actions†(John Adair:1996:19). Motives don’t always correspond with reasons for actions. Motivation also means extending to moving other people to action (J. Adair:1996:19) and covers the reasons which underlie the way in which a person act (J. Adair:1990:1). Who motivates people? What makes them tick? Why do you do anything? This is a subject of perennial fascination. It is especially important for anyone who works with other people – to think about this question in some depth. Perhaps the first step to answering these questions is to explore the central concept of motivation. Motivation is the word referring the reason of engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in psychology and neuropsychology. The main focus of the essay is to explore Maslow’ s (after Freud and Jung) Hierarchy of Needs. His idea will be compared with those of Friderick Hertzberg’s Theory of Hygiene and F. W. Taylor’s Theory of Motivation. Perhaps, there is no theory of motivation which has been as much influential on the thinking of managers as an Abraham Maslow’ s hierarchy of needs. A person is motivated by an inner programme of â€Å"needs† which are arranged in sets and it suggests that external motives such as rewards or punishment are not a factors of motivation. Because a satisfied need ceases to motivate when one set is satisfied, automatically, another comes into play ( J. Adair:1996:30). Drawn from the work of Maslow makes the point that needs are organized on a priority basis ( J. Adair:1990:7). This fairly definite hierarchy is arranged by the basic needs (A. H. Maslow:1987:56). But, can human needs be mapped? â€Å"Does the satisfaction of one set of conscious needs trigger off into consciousness another set of previously unconscious needs? †( J. Adair:1996:30) A confident answer on this question is offered by Abraham Maslow: â€Å"Man is a wanting animal and rarely reaches a state of complete satisfaction except for a short time. As one desire is satisfied, another pops up to take its place. When this is satisfied, still another comes into the foreground. It is characteristic of the human being throughout his whole life that he is practically always desiring something. We are faced then with the necessity of studying the relationships of all the motivations to each other and we are concomitantly faced with the necessity of giving up the motivational units in isolation if we are to achieve the broad understanding that we seek for† (A. H. Maslow:1987:34). Maslow ‘s needs hierarchy identifies five sets of needs from the most biological to the most psychological: â€Å"(1) physiological ( such as hunger-thirst ), (2) safety and security, (3) love and belongingness, (4) self-esteem ( achievement, recognition ), (5) self-actualization ( reaching one’s highest potential )† (R. C. Beck:2000:400). These sets are organized into a hierarchy of relative prepotency and are in a dynamic relationship. A concept of physiological needs have been taken as the starting point for motivational theory. Basic needs become relatively satisfied where the higher needs come to the fore and become motivating influences because â€Å"For our chronically and extremely hungry man, utopia can be defined very simply as a place where there is plenty of food† (G. P. Latham:2007:31). When this need is met then â€Å"At once other (and ‘higher’) needs emerge and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism† (G. P. Latham:2007:31), thus the physiological needs are the most prepotent of all needs (J. Adair:1990:35). Although the physiological needs are relatively well satisfied, unsatisfied need, like safety, love, self-esteem needs, emerges to dominate the organism. Maslow suggest that â€Å"†¦we may still often (if not always) expect that a new discontent and restlessness will soon develop, unless the individual is doing what he or she, individually, is fitted for. Musicians must make music, artists must paint, poets must write if they are to be ultimately at peace with themselves. What humans can be, they must be. They must be true to their own nature. This need we may call self-actualization† (A. H. Maslow:1987:22). Self-actualization needs â€Å"usually rests upon prior satisfaction of the physiological, safety, love and esteem needs† (J. Adair:1990:38). Maslow meant by self –actualization â€Å" a universal urge in any person to grow and develop as a full human person, realizing all the distinctively human potentials within us†( J. Adair:1996:45). The essence of Maslow’ s theory is that the needs lower in the hierarchy have to be at least partly fulfilled before the highest needs – self-actualization needs – become active. This theory has some limited value: â€Å"when this set of condition happens, then this of that factor will become important† (J. Adair:1996:42). In industrial situation, Maslow’ s theory sometimes seems to make sense. For example: lower – level workers are more motivated by money which are needed for food and shelter and seem to not be much motivated to work creatively in their jobs. At higher levels, self – actualization seems more important and there may be more opportunity for self – expression. It is interesting to compare, how does Herzberg’ s motivator-Hygiene Theory relate to Maslow’ s theory of a Hierarchy of Needs? Clearly they both share in common the concept of self – actualization. Herzberg’ s theory suggests that motivators and satisfiers are some aspects of a job which allow people to satisfy â€Å"higher level† needs (R. C. Beck:2000:400). Herzberg argued that â€Å"people want more from their jobs than pay, such as recognition, responsibility, feelings of achievement, pleasure from social interactions, prestige, stimulation, and challenge† (R. C. Beck:2000:400). These self – actualizing properties are included to the â€Å"growth† dimension of a job. Absence of some job elements is noticeable and produce dissatisfaction in external conditions: administration, supervising, working conditions, relations with others, job security and status. Satisfaction of above needs is called Hygiene factors and was linked by Herzberg with human tendency to avoid painful or unpleasant situations. Although dissatisfaction may lower performance this hygienic measures will not visibly improve performance(R. C. Beck:2000:400). â€Å"All hygiene needs are connected with salary and, because of this, salary is the most visible, communicable and advertised factor in all the world of work. Salary permeates the thoughts and expressions of people when they view their jobs. In such a circumstance, it is hardly surprising that salary often seems to be a satisfier to the individual. If so many hygiene needs can be fulfilled by money, then it is difficult not to conceive of it as a source of happiness†(J. Adair:1990:57). The need for creativity is fitted by motivators. The hygiene factors satisfy the need for fair treatment, and it is thus that the desired job attitude and job performance is achieved by presenting the appropriate incentive (J. Adair:1996:77). Herzberg in â€Å"The Motivation to Work† discusses about Maslow’ s theory as a brief and unsatisfactory and does not agree that the predominant needs of individuals might change and develop, rather than being seen as relatively fixed and immutable (J. Adair:1990:55). In contrast to the predominantly holistic bias of Maslow’ s mind, Herzberg’ s approach is dichotomized into two. In Maslow’ s theory, if physiological, safety and social needs were not met it might create dissatisfaction, but –according to Herzberg – is possible to afford satisfaction by these needs. By contrast, more positive sense of satisfaction needs could lead to the meeting of esteem and self – actualization or professional growth. These two approaches of Maslow and Herzberg could be reconciled. (J. Adair:1996:78) Moreover, the absence of a potential for self – actualizing progress, in Herzberg’ s theory, can not create conscious dissatisfaction, thus did Herzberg only develop the hint in Maslow that a poor model for the ‘higher’ needs in the hierarchy are formed by the physiological needs? To follow a topic, an individual’s internal rating of ‘satisfiers’ and ‘dissatisfiers’ might reflect to personality development, which means progress in gratifying the hierarchy of basic needs, is also accepted by Herzberg. Allowing for the respective intellectual biases of the two psychologists as well as for the application to the work situation in particular, concluding, the similarities between the approaches of Maslow and Herzberg outweigh their dissimilarities (J. Adair:1990:56). The most interesting could become a comparison Maslow’ s and Herzberg’ s theories with Friderick W. Taylor’s, the American engineer, Theory of Motivation (J. Adair:1996:119). Although Maslow’ s and Herzberg’ s theories, as psychologists, are based upon some sort of empirical evidence, however both of them openly confess to propagating and holding certain philosophical assumptions about the nature of man (J. Adair:1990:65). In turn, F. W. Taylor, the father of scientific management, is credited with dehumanizing factories, making men into automatons (M.  Smith:2007:34). Barber and Bretz (2000) certified that the most important factors why people choising a job and take into account in seeking and accepting a job offer, is a wage(G. P. Latham:2007:99). But does it have an influence on effort and persistence and to what extent? Taylor (1911) claimed that in the first quarter of the 20th century, there was concluded by engineers, that the primary incentive for engaging in efficient and effective behavior are money (G. P. Latham:2007:99). The father of scientific management (1911) certified that if organization adopted scientific management, this would be a mental revolution between workers’ behaviours, relations and outlook toward employers (G. P. Latham:2007:11). There is four Taylor’s principles: offering to workers a monetary incentive; training and development the workers following by scientific selection; democratically division of work between workers, foreshadowing goals to workers(G. P. Latham:2007:12). Taylor (1911) claimed that following this principles give a revolutionary outcome, employers and employees are able to see that satisfaction money can be made without occasion to quarrel (G. P. Latham:2007:12). Moreover, paying substantial bonuses by employers to employees for efficiently and effectively achieved goal, is the way to satisfied workers (G. P. Latham:2007:12). Herzberg’ s theory establishes to Maslow’ s Hierarchy of Needs does not follow Taylor’s attitudes. Moreover, Herzberg put forward a hypothesis that job can affect a person’s mental health and cause long – term physical health problem. Although, Herzberg (1966) certified that money could have opposed effect on job dissatisfaction, do not have effect on job satisfaction(G. P. Latham:2007:99). Concluding, ‘If F. W. Taylor was the equivalent of Hobbes in industry, then Herzberg stands firmly in the tradition of Locke’(J. Adair:1990:73). In summary, there is a lot of theories what motivates people toward certain actions. One, probably the most influential on managers, Maslow’ s Hierarchy of Needs, sensible and interesting, was made up through the human experience. This American Physiologist worked very hard to find that firstly people satisfy basic needs before even thinking of satisfying more complex needs. As Maslow theory was made through the human experience as Herzberg’ s Theory of Hygiene as well. Similarities between these two theories outweigh their dissimilarities. Making a survey, Herzberg investigated what people liked or disliked about their jobs. One of Herzberg’ s Hygiene Factors is pay. As contrasted with Taylor’ s attitudes about job satisfaction, Herzberg certified that money do not have effect on job satisfaction. In Taylor views, just wage is motivated for workers and satisfaction money can be made without occasion to quarrel. In conclusion, there is even more that Maslow’ s, Herzberg’ s or Taylor’ s theories what is motivation and who motivates people or what makes them tick and why do they do anything. But Maslow’ s Hierarchy of Needs clearly and since the beginning, help us all be more understanding of others around us. This theory is normally drawn as a triangle, because the author believed that it showed what people wanted form the job. Everybody start at the bottom and then work their way up, to the top, to self – actualization. But different people have different needs, moreover people are not fit in the same pattern. That makes Maslow’ s theory not perfect. Although that many great physiologists tried to find the best theory of motivation, although that most of managers are based on these theories, although that one must work hard to obtain willful goal and raises knowledge along the way to success, these all theories do not negate the fact that nowadays, nepotism plays a prominent role in the employment stakes. Bibliography: 1. Adair, J (1990) â€Å"Understanding motivation†, The Talbot Adair Press, Surrey, 2. Adair, J (1996) â€Å"Effective motivation†, Pan Books, London, 3. Beck R. C (2000) â€Å" Motivation: Theories and Principles†, Pearson Education, Inc. , New Jersey, 4. Latham G. P (2007) â€Å" Work Motivation†, Sage Publication, USA, 5. Maslow A. H (1987) â€Å" Motivation and Personality†, Harper & Row, New York, 6. Smith M. ( 2007) â€Å" Fundamentals of management†, McGraw – Hill Education, Berkshire. (2085 words)